How a transformer works

These 2 coils never touch… so how does 230 V become 12 V? 🧲

A transformer is just 2 copper coils wound on one iron core. No wire connects them.

1. AC in coil 1 makes a CHANGING magnetic field in the iron.
2. That changing field makes a new AC voltage in coil 2.
3. Turns set the volts: Vout = Vin × Ns ÷ Np → 230 V × 60 ÷ 1150 = 12 V.

Fewer volts, more current: power in ≈ power out (230 V × 0.05 A ≈ 12 V × 1 A).

Try DC and you get 0 V out. A steady field makes no voltage, so transformers only work on AC.